Low hemoglobin, medically known as anemia, occurs when there is a reduced level of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness and shortness of breath. Various cancers can lead to low hemoglobin either directly or indirectly, and recognising these connections helps in diagnosis and management.

Cancers Commonly Associated with Low Hemoglobin

Certain cancers are more likely to cause anemia due to factors such as blood loss, bone marrow involvement or chronic inflammation. Gastrointestinal cancers, including stomach, colon and rectal cancers, can cause bleeding within the digestive tract, leading to iron deficiency anemia.

Leukaemia and other blood cancers affect the bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced, resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. Lymphomas may also impact blood cell production or cause systemic symptoms leading to anemia.

Cancers that metastasise to the bone marrow, such as breast, lung or prostate cancer, can disrupt normal blood cell production and cause anemia. Additionally, some cancers trigger chronic inflammation that interferes with red blood cell production, a condition known as anemia of chronic disease.

Other Contributing Factors

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation can suppress bone marrow function, leading to anemia. Nutritional deficiencies common in cancer patients, including low iron, vitamin B12 or folate, may also contribute.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If anemia is detected, further investigation is essential to determine the underlying cause. Persistent unexplained anemia warrants medical assessment to rule out cancers or other serious conditions.

Summary

Low hemoglobin can be caused by various cancers, especially those involving the gastrointestinal tract, blood and bone marrow. Understanding these links supports timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

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