Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or within an ovary. They are common and often harmless, especially when small. Many cysts resolve on their own without treatment and cause no symptoms. However, the size of an ovarian cyst can sometimes indicate whether it poses a risk and requires medical attention.

When Does Size Matter?

Generally, ovarian cysts smaller than 5 centimetres are considered low risk and often monitored rather than immediately treated. Cysts measuring between 5 and 10 centimetres may require closer observation and sometimes intervention depending on symptoms and ultrasound features.

Cysts larger than 10 centimetres are more likely to cause complications such as ovarian torsion, where the ovary twists around its supporting tissues, leading to severe pain and potentially cutting off blood supply. Larger cysts also carry a slightly higher risk of being cancerous, especially in postmenopausal women or if they have complex features on imaging.

Other Risk Factors

Size alone does not determine danger. The cyst’s appearance on ultrasound, the presence of solid areas or septations (internal divisions), rapid growth and patient symptoms also influence risk assessment. Symptoms such as severe pelvic pain, bloating, or changes in menstrual patterns warrant prompt evaluation regardless of cyst size.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If an ovarian cyst is large, growing quickly or causing significant symptoms, medical assessment is essential. Immediate attention is required if there is sudden, severe abdominal pain, which may indicate torsion or rupture.

Summary

While many ovarian cysts are small and harmless, cysts larger than 10 centimetres are more likely to cause complications and may be considered dangerous. Size must be evaluated alongside other clinical features to determine the best management. Regular monitoring and timely medical advice help ensure safe outcomes.

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