What Is a Stitch?

A stitch is a sharp, stabbing pain usually felt in the side of the abdomen during physical activity, especially while running or engaging in strenuous exercise. It is also known as exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP). Although common and generally harmless, it can be uncomfortable and disrupt physical performance.

Causes of a Stitch

The exact cause of a stitch is not fully understood, but several theories exist. One common explanation is that it results from strain or irritation of the ligaments supporting the diaphragm, the muscle involved in breathing. When exercising, especially with heavy breathing or jarring movements, these ligaments may stretch and cause localized pain. Another theory suggests reduced blood flow to the diaphragm or irritation of the lining of the abdomen could contribute.

Symptoms and Characteristics

A stitch typically presents as a sharp, localized pain under the ribs on either side of the abdomen, often more common on the right side. It usually occurs during intense or prolonged physical activity and may subside with rest or slowing down.

Managing and Preventing Stitches

To relieve a stitch, slowing the pace, taking deep breaths, and gently pressing or stretching the affected area can help. Staying hydrated and warming up properly before exercise may reduce the risk. Some find avoiding eating large meals immediately before exercise helpful.

Summary

A stitch is a common, temporary sharp pain in the abdomen during exercise, likely caused by strain on the diaphragm or related structures. It can be managed by adjusting activity and breathing techniques and usually resolves quickly.