A specialised cell is a type of cell that has developed distinct structures and functions to perform specific tasks within an organism. Unlike general or unspecialised cells, specialised cells are adapted to carry out particular roles that contribute to the overall functioning and survival of the organism. This process of becoming specialised is called differentiation.
Examples and Functions
Examples of specialised cells include nerve cells (neurons) that transmit electrical signals, red blood cells that carry oxygen, muscle cells that contract to enable movement, and epithelial cells that form protective layers on surfaces. Each of these cells has unique features tailored to their specific functions. For instance, red blood cells have a biconcave shape to maximise oxygen transport, while neurons have long extensions to transmit impulses efficiently.
Importance in Multicellular Organisms
Specialised cells work together in tissues and organs, enabling complex biological processes. Their division of labour increases efficiency and allows organisms to adapt to diverse environments. The development of specialised cells is fundamental to the growth and maintenance of complex life forms.
Summary
Specialised cells are cells adapted to perform specific functions essential for the health and operation of an organism. Their unique structures enable them to contribute effectively to the body’s diverse needs.
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