Morning after pills, also known as emergency contraception, are medications taken after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure to reduce the risk of pregnancy. They are intended for use as a backup method and are not a replacement for regular contraception. Understanding how morning after pills work can help you make informed decisions in emergency situations.

How Do Morning After Pills Work?

Morning after pills primarily work by delaying or preventing ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. Without ovulation, sperm cannot fertilise an egg, reducing the chance of pregnancy. Some types of emergency contraception may also thicken cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg or prevent a fertilised egg from attaching to the uterus.

It is important to take morning after pills as soon as possible after unprotected sex for maximum effectiveness, typically within 72 hours but some types can be used up to 120 hours later.

Types of Morning After Pills

There are mainly two types of morning after pills available: levonorgestrel-based pills and ulipristal acetate pills. Levonorgestrel pills are commonly available over the counter and are most effective when taken within 72 hours. Ulipristal acetate pills require a prescription but can be taken up to 120 hours after intercourse and tend to be more effective over a longer window.

Effectiveness and Limitations

While morning after pills significantly reduce the risk of pregnancy, they are not 100% effective. Their success depends on how soon they are taken after unprotected sex and where a woman is in her menstrual cycle. They do not protect against sexually transmitted infections and should not be used as a regular contraceptive method.

Possible Side Effects

Common side effects include nausea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness and changes in menstrual bleeding. These side effects are usually mild and temporary.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you vomit within two hours of taking the pill, you should contact a healthcare provider as you may need to take another dose. If your next period is more than a week late, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test. Persistent or severe side effects should also prompt medical consultation.

Summary

Morning after pills provide emergency contraception by delaying ovulation and preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex. They are most effective when taken promptly and serve as a backup method rather than regular contraception. Understanding their use, effectiveness and side effects helps ensure they are used safely and appropriately.

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