What Deficiency Causes Bleeding Gums?

Bleeding gums are a common oral health issue that can be caused by various factors, including deficiencies in essential nutrients. One of the most notable deficiencies linked to bleeding gums is vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy. Understanding how nutritional deficiencies contribute to gum bleeding helps in prevention and treatment.

Vitamin C Deficiency and Bleeding Gums

Vitamin C plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy connective tissue, including the gums. It is vital for collagen synthesis, which supports the structure and integrity of gum tissue. When vitamin C levels are low, the gums become weak, inflamed and prone to bleeding.

Scurvy, the disease caused by severe vitamin C deficiency, is characterised by symptoms such as swollen, tender and bleeding gums, along with fatigue, joint pain and poor wound healing. Although rare in developed countries, mild vitamin C deficiency can still contribute to gum problems.

Other Nutritional Deficiencies

While vitamin C deficiency is the most well-known cause, other nutrient shortages can also affect gum health. Deficiencies in vitamin K, which is important for blood clotting, can increase bleeding tendency. Lack of vitamin B complex, especially folate and B12, may contribute to gum inflammation and soreness.

Additional Causes of Bleeding Gums

Bleeding gums can also result from poor oral hygiene leading to plaque buildup and gum disease (gingivitis or periodontitis), hormonal changes, certain medications, smoking, and systemic health conditions such as diabetes or blood disorders.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If bleeding gums persist despite good oral care or are accompanied by other symptoms like pain, swelling or loose teeth, it is important to consult a dentist or healthcare provider. Blood tests may be necessary to check for nutritional deficiencies or underlying health issues.

Summary

Vitamin C deficiency is a key nutritional cause of bleeding gums due to its role in maintaining gum tissue strength. Other deficiencies like vitamin K and B vitamins can also contribute. Maintaining a balanced diet alongside good oral hygiene helps prevent gum bleeding and supports overall oral health.