What Causes Verrucas?

Verrucas, also known as plantar warts, are small, rough growths that appear on the soles of the feet. They are caused by a viral infection and can sometimes be painful or uncomfortable, especially when standing or walking. Understanding the causes of verrucas helps in preventing their spread and managing the condition effectively.

What Are Verrucas?

Verrucas are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus with many different strains. The strains that cause verrucas specifically infect the skin on the feet. When the virus enters the skin through tiny cuts or abrasions, it can cause the skin cells to grow rapidly, leading to the formation of a verruca.

How Do You Get Verrucas?

The HPV virus thrives in warm, moist environments, making places like swimming pools, communal showers, gym changing rooms and locker rooms common spots for transmission. Walking barefoot in these areas increases the risk of contracting the virus. Verrucas are contagious and can spread through direct contact with the virus or by touching surfaces contaminated with it.

Risk Factors

People of all ages can get verrucas, but they are most common in children and teenagers due to their more frequent use of communal areas and developing immune systems. Individuals with weakened immune systems are also more susceptible.

Symptoms

Verrucas usually appear as small, grainy, rough patches on the soles of the feet. They may have tiny black dots, which are small, clotted blood vessels. Verrucas can sometimes cause discomfort or pain, especially when pressure is applied while walking or standing.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing verrucas involves good foot hygiene and avoiding walking barefoot in public moist areas. Wearing flip-flops or waterproof shoes in communal showers or pools reduces the risk.

Treatment options include topical salicylic acid preparations, cryotherapy (freezing), or other medical procedures performed by healthcare professionals. Many verrucas disappear naturally over time as the immune system fights off the virus.

When to See a Doctor

If a verruca is painful, spreading rapidly, changing in appearance or not responding to treatment, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for assessment and possible alternative treatments.

Summary

Verrucas are caused by the human papillomavirus entering the skin on the feet, often in warm and moist communal areas. They are contagious but preventable with good hygiene and protective footwear. Treatment can speed up healing, but many verrucas resolve on their own.