What Causes Ridges in Nails

Ridges in nails are surprisingly common and can appear at any age. For some, they are faint and barely noticeable. For others, they become more prominent and may even interfere with how nail polish applies or how the nail feels to the touch. Although often harmless, nail ridges can sometimes point to underlying health issues, especially when they develop suddenly or appear alongside other changes. Understanding what causes these ridges is a useful first step towards keeping your nails strong, smooth, and healthy.

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What Are Nail Ridges?

Nail ridges are linear lines that run either vertically from the cuticle to the tip, or horizontally across the nail plate. Vertical ridges are the most common and typically increase in visibility as we age. They often resemble the natural grain of the nail and are usually harmless. Horizontal ridges, also known as Beau’s lines, are less common and can indicate disruptions in nail growth or underlying health conditions.

The texture of the ridges can vary. Some are smooth and fine, while others may feel rough and be more visually obvious. In most cases, they do not cause discomfort. However, if they are paired with changes such as discolouration, crumbling, or pain, they should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Vertical Ridges and Ageing

One of the most natural reasons for vertical ridges is ageing. As we get older, cell turnover slows and the production of key proteins like keratin and collagen decreases. This can affect the smoothness of the nail surface and make natural ridges more pronounced. Dryness also plays a role, as older nails often retain less moisture, contributing to brittleness and uneven texture.

In this case, vertical ridges are not usually a cause for concern. They are simply a visible sign of how your nails are growing and adapting over time. Keeping nails well moisturised, avoiding excessive filing, and protecting your hands from harsh conditions can help reduce their appearance.

Nutritional Deficiencies and Nail Texture

Nutrient levels have a direct impact on nail health. A lack of iron, biotin, zinc, or protein can affect how the nail matrix produces keratin, which can lead to ridges, thinning, or slow growth. Deficiencies in B vitamins are also linked to changes in nail condition.

If ridges appear suddenly or are accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue or hair loss, it may be worth exploring whether your diet is meeting your body’s needs. Collagen, for example, contains amino acids that support nail structure. As natural levels decline, supplementing with collagen may help maintain strength and resilience.

While food is the most effective source of nutrients, some people find supplements helpful, particularly if they are recovering from illness or managing a restricted diet. Consulting a GP or nutrition professional can help identify any underlying issues and recommend a tailored plan.

Physical Stress or Trauma to the Nail

Daily life can sometimes affect how your nails grow. Repeated trauma, such as tapping on a keyboard, using nails as tools, or removing polish too aggressively, can stress the nail matrix and cause ridges. Wearing acrylics or gels without adequate breaks can also weaken the natural nail and disrupt its growth pattern.

Even a single injury to the nail bed can cause a horizontal ridge as the nail recovers. In most cases, these grow out naturally over time. To reduce the risk of trauma, aim to be gentle with your nails, keep them neatly trimmed, and wear gloves when working with your hands.

Health Conditions and Horizontal Ridges

Horizontal ridges, or Beau’s lines, tend to be more noticeable and should be monitored closely. These ridges appear as deep grooves running across the nail and are usually the result of temporary disruptions in nail growth. Common triggers include high fever, infections, surgery, extreme stress, or medical treatments like chemotherapy.

Certain chronic conditions such as thyroid disorders, eczema, or psoriasis can also influence nail growth. If horizontal ridges appear on several nails at once or are accompanied by other nail changes, it is worth seeking medical advice for further investigation. A healthcare provider may examine the nail or recommend blood tests to help understand the cause.

Moisture and Nail Care Habits

Dryness plays a big role in the appearance of nail ridges. If your nails are often exposed to water, detergents, or drying products like acetone, they are more likely to develop surface texture changes. Similarly, over-filing or buffing the nail can thin the plate and make ridges appear worse.

To help protect the nail surface, use a nourishing hand cream that includes ingredients like glycerin or urea, and massage it into the cuticles regularly. A strengthening base coat or nail oil can also support hydration and resilience. Avoid aggressive filing and stick to gentle, rounded shapes that are less prone to splitting.

If you are painting your nails regularly, remember to give them time to breathe between manicures and limit the use of harsh removers. Keeping your nails well-cared for reduces the chances of uneven growth and keeps the surface smooth.

Can Collagen Help with Nail Ridges?

Because collagen supports the structure of nails, skin, and hair, it can be a helpful addition to your daily routine, particularly if you notice your nails are growing more slowly or feel brittle. Some people find that supplementing with collagen over time helps reduce breakage and improves the texture and strength of their nails.

While collagen is not a miracle cure for ridges, especially if the cause is internal or health-related, it may support the nail matrix and contribute to healthier, more even nail growth over time. It is important to combine this with good nail care habits and balanced nutrition for the best results.