Fungal nail infections are a common condition that can affect the toenails or fingernails, though they are more frequently seen on the feet. If your nail has started to thicken, discolour, or become brittle and crumbly, there is a chance a fungal infection is to blame. It may feel like just a cosmetic issue at first, but nail fungus can be persistent and, if left untreated, may spread to other nails or become uncomfortable over time.

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What Causes Fungal Nail Infections

Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are typically caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, though yeasts and moulds can also be responsible. These organisms thrive in warm, moist environments, which is why sweaty feet, shared showers, and poorly ventilated shoes are common risk factors. People who swim often or have a job that requires damp conditions are also more likely to develop a fungal infection.

Nail trauma, a weakened immune system, or underlying conditions like diabetes can increase your susceptibility. Once the fungus takes hold, it can enter through tiny cracks or breaks in the nail or skin and begin to grow beneath the nail plate, often spreading slowly if not addressed.

Recognising the Symptoms Early

The signs of a fungal nail infection can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include yellowing or white patches on the nail surface, thickening of the nail, and a crumbly or ragged edge. The nail may also lift from the nail bed, develop an unpleasant smell, or become painful when wearing shoes. Early treatment often leads to better results, so it helps to be alert to these changes.

It is worth noting that not all nail changes are caused by fungus. Conditions such as psoriasis or injury can mimic similar symptoms. If in doubt, speak to a pharmacist or GP who can offer advice or refer you for further testing to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options You Can Try

There are several ways to treat fungal nail infections, depending on the severity and how long the infection has been present. Over-the-counter antifungal nail treatments are often a good starting point for mild cases. These include medicated nail lacquers or creams designed to penetrate the nail plate and tackle the infection at its source. You will need to apply these consistently, usually for several months, to see meaningful improvement.

For more stubborn or advanced infections, your GP may recommend a course of oral antifungal tablets. These work by targeting the fungus through the bloodstream, which can be particularly helpful if multiple nails are affected. However, they may not be suitable for everyone and can carry side effects, so medical supervision is essential.

Laser therapy and nail removal are other options for very resistant cases, though they are usually reserved for when other treatments have not worked. Patience is key, as it can take up to twelve months for a toenail to fully grow out and look healthy again.

Everyday Habits That Support Recovery

Alongside treatment, it is important to adopt good foot and nail hygiene. Keeping your feet clean and dry, trimming your nails regularly, and wearing breathable socks and footwear can help prevent the infection from worsening or returning. Make sure to disinfect nail tools and avoid sharing clippers or files, especially if you attend nail salons. Choose salons that follow strict hygiene protocols, and always wear flip-flops in public showers or changing rooms.

Changing your socks daily, allowing shoes to air out, and using antifungal foot powder may also help reduce moisture and prevent reinfection. It is best to avoid nail polish or artificial nails during treatment, as they can trap moisture and make it harder for antifungal products to work effectively.

Nutritional Support for Nail Health

Fungal infections can leave your nails feeling weak, discoloured, or misshapen even after the fungus is gone. Supporting nail regrowth from within is an important part of recovery. A balanced diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals can promote healthy nail formation. Collagen, a naturally occurring protein in the body, plays a role in maintaining the strength and integrity of nails. It forms part of the nail structure and can contribute to resilience and smoothness.

As collagen production naturally declines with age, some people find that adding a collagen supplement to their routine helps support their nails as they recover from damage. Supplements that contain additional nutrients such as biotin, vitamin C, and zinc can be especially beneficial when aiming to restore the condition of your nails after infection.

When to Seek Professional Advice

If you have been treating a suspected fungal nail infection at home and see no improvement after a few months, or if the infection worsens or becomes painful, it is a good idea to consult your GP. They may recommend lab testing to confirm the presence of fungus and rule out other conditions, such as bacterial infections or psoriasis. Treatment for nail infections can be slow, but consistent care and medical guidance can significantly improve your results.

People with diabetes or circulation issues should seek help promptly, as fungal infections can increase the risk of secondary complications. Keeping on top of nail health is not just about appearance. It is also about preserving function and avoiding further discomfort or infection.

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