What Is Plaque?

Plaque refers to a sticky, colourless film of bacteria and sugars that continuously forms on teeth and other surfaces in the mouth. It develops when bacteria in the mouth mix with food particles and saliva, creating a biofilm that adheres to the teeth. If plaque is not regularly removed through proper oral hygiene, it can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Plaque is the primary cause of many dental problems and plays a crucial role in oral health.

How Plaque Develops and Its Effects

Plaque begins to form within hours after brushing teeth and if left undisturbed, it can harden into tartar or calculus, which is more difficult to remove and often requires professional cleaning. The bacteria in plaque produce acids as they digest sugars, and these acids attack the tooth enamel, leading to cavities. Additionally, plaque buildup along the gumline can cause inflammation, redness and bleeding, which are signs of gingivitis. If untreated, this can progress to periodontitis, a more severe gum disease that can cause tooth loss.

Plaque Beyond Oral Health

While plaque is most commonly discussed in the context of dental hygiene, the term is also used in medicine to describe fatty deposits that build up in arteries, known as atherosclerotic plaque. This type of plaque can restrict blood flow and lead to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks or strokes. Despite sharing the same name, dental plaque and arterial plaque are different in composition and impact but both are significant health concerns.

Prevention and Management of Dental Plaque

Effective removal of dental plaque involves regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing to clean between teeth, and routine dental check-ups. Limiting sugary foods and drinks also helps reduce plaque formation. Professional cleanings can remove tartar and help maintain oral health.

Summary

Plaque is a sticky bacterial film that forms on teeth, leading to cavities and gum disease if not properly managed. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential to control plaque and preserve dental health. In a broader medical context, plaque also refers to fatty deposits in arteries that affect cardiovascular health.