Colorectal surgery refers to surgical procedures that involve the colon, rectum and anus. These surgeries are performed to treat a range of conditions affecting the lower digestive tract, including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), diverticulitis, bowel obstructions, and haemorrhoids. The goal of colorectal surgery is to remove diseased tissue, restore normal function and improve quality of life.

Types of Colorectal Surgery

There are several types of colorectal surgeries, ranging from minimally invasive procedures using keyhole techniques to open surgery. Common surgeries include colectomy, where part or all of the colon is removed; proctectomy, which involves removal of the rectum; and procedures to repair or remove haemorrhoids. Sometimes a temporary or permanent stoma (an opening on the abdomen to divert waste) may be necessary.

When Is Colorectal Surgery Needed?

Surgery may be recommended when medical treatments are ineffective or in cases of cancer requiring tumour removal. It is also used to manage complications such as bowel blockages, severe bleeding or infections. The decision depends on the condition, its severity, and the patient’s overall health.

Recovery and Risks

Recovery from colorectal surgery varies depending on the procedure and patient factors. Minimally invasive surgery typically allows quicker recovery and less pain. Risks include infection, bleeding, bowel dysfunction and complications related to anaesthesia. Patients receive careful preoperative assessment and postoperative care to minimise risks.

Summary

Colorectal surgery encompasses operations on the colon, rectum and anus to treat various diseases and conditions. It aims to remove diseased tissue, relieve symptoms and restore bowel function, using techniques tailored to each patient’s needs.

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