Bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue found inside the hollow centres of certain bones in the body, such as the hips, ribs and spine. It plays a crucial role in producing blood cells necessary for carrying oxygen, fighting infections and clotting blood. Bone marrow is essential for maintaining healthy blood and immune system function.

Types of Bone Marrow

There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow and yellow marrow. Red marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Yellow marrow primarily consists of fat cells but can convert to red marrow if the body needs increased blood cell production.

Function of Bone Marrow

Bone marrow continuously generates new blood cells to replace old or damaged ones. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues, white blood cells defend against infections, and platelets help with blood clotting. Bone marrow also contains stem cells that can develop into different types of blood cells.

Clinical Importance

Bone marrow health is vital, and disorders affecting it can lead to conditions like anaemia, infections or bleeding problems. Diseases such as leukaemia involve abnormal bone marrow cell production. Bone marrow transplants are used to treat certain cancers and blood disorders by replacing damaged marrow with healthy cells.

Summary

Bone marrow is a vital tissue inside bones that produces blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immunity and clotting. It supports overall health and is central to many medical treatments.

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