Perimenopause is the transitional phase leading up to menopause, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years. This stage can begin several years before menopause and is characterised by fluctuating hormone levels, especially oestrogen and progesterone. These hormonal changes can cause a wide range of symptoms affecting physical health, mood and daily functioning.

Common Symptoms of Perimenopause

During perimenopause, women may experience hot flashes, which are sudden feelings of heat that can cause sweating and flushing. Night sweats, similar to hot flashes but occurring during sleep, often disrupt rest. Irregular menstrual cycles are typical as ovulation becomes less predictable.

Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or difficulty staying asleep, are common. Mood changes such as irritability, anxiety and depression may also occur, sometimes triggered or worsened by poor sleep. Many women report fatigue and low energy levels.

Cognitive symptoms like difficulty concentrating, memory lapses or “brain fog” are frequently described. Physical changes may include weight gain, especially around the abdomen, and changes in skin elasticity leading to dryness or thinning.

Other symptoms involve changes in sexual health, such as reduced libido, vaginal dryness, discomfort during intercourse and increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections. Breast tenderness or changes in breast tissue can also be experienced.

Additional symptoms include headaches or migraines, joint and muscle pain or stiffness, headaches, dizziness, palpitations, and digestive issues such as bloating or constipation. Some women notice hair thinning or increased facial hair growth.

Changes in body temperature regulation may lead to chills or cold flashes. Increased sweating unrelated to hot flashes can also occur. Women might experience tingling or numbness in the limbs, as well as changes in taste or smell.

Other less common symptoms include heightened sensitivity to noise, increased allergies or sinus problems, and changes in vision or eye dryness. Some women report an increased frequency of infections or slow healing wounds.

Summary

Perimenopause can bring a diverse and often challenging array of up to 34 symptoms affecting physical, emotional and cognitive wellbeing. Understanding these symptoms helps women seek appropriate support and manage this natural life transition with greater confidence.

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