Schemas are mental frameworks or cognitive structures that help individuals organise and interpret information. They are like mental shortcuts, allowing the brain to quickly process and make sense of complex information based on prior knowledge and experiences. Schemas influence how we perceive the world, remember events and make decisions.
How Schemas Work
When we encounter new information, our brains compare it to existing schemas to understand and respond appropriately. For example, a “restaurant” schema includes expectations about menus, waiters and dining etiquette. If new information fits the schema, it is easily understood; if it contradicts the schema, we may adjust our understanding or experience confusion.
Schemas develop from early childhood and continue to evolve throughout life. They help us navigate daily life efficiently but can also lead to biases or stereotypes if based on incomplete or incorrect information.
Types of Schemas
There are many types of schemas, including social schemas about people or groups, self-schemas related to our identity, and role schemas describing how we expect others to behave in certain roles. Schemas are fundamental to learning and memory, shaping how new experiences are integrated.
Summary
Schemas are cognitive frameworks that organise knowledge and guide perception and behaviour. They allow for efficient information processing but can sometimes contribute to misunderstandings or prejudices.
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